वेद — {veda} m. (fr. √1. {vid}, q.v.) knowledge, true or sacred knowledge or lore, knowledge of ritual RV. AitBr##N. of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindū religion (these works were primarily three, viz. 1. the Ṛig-veda, 2. the Yajur-veda [of which there are, however, two divisions, See {taittirīya-saṃhitā}, {vājasaneyi-saṃhitā}], 3. the Sāma-veda##these three works are sometimes called collectively {trayī}, 'the triple Vidyā' or 'threefold knowledge', but the Ṛig-veda is really the only original work of the three, and much the most ancient [the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 and 2500 B. C., before the settlement of the Āryans in India##and by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 and 1000 B3. C., when the Āryans had settled down in the Panjāb]##subsequently a fourth Veda was added, called the Atharva-veda, which was probably not completely accepted till after Manu, as his law-book often speaks of the three Vedas-calling them {trayam brahma sanātanam}, 'the triple eternal Veda', but only once [xi, 33] mentions the revelation made to Atharvan and Aṅgiras, without, however, calling it by the later name of Atharva-veda##each of the four Vedas has two distinct parts, viz. 1. Mantra, i.e. words of prayer and adoration often addressed either to fire or to some form of the sun or to some form of the air, sky, wind &c., and praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, and even forgiveness of sins, and 2. Brāhmaṇa, consisting of Vidhi and Artha-vāda, i. e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the Mantras were to be used and explanations of the legends &c. connected with the Mantras [see {brāhmaṇa}, {vidhi}], both these portions being termed {śruti}, revelation orally communicated by the Deity, and heard but not composed or written down by men [ W. 24 &c.], although it is certain that both Mantras and Brāhmaṇas were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern##as the Vedas are properly three, so the Mantras are properly of three forms, 1. Ṛic, which are verses of praise in metre, and intended for loud recitation##2. Yajus, which are in prose, and intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices##3. Sāman, which are in metre, and intended for chanting at the Soma or Moon-plant ceremonies, the Mantras of the fourth or Atharva-veda having no special name##but it must be borne in mind that the Yajur and Sāma-veda hymns, especially the latter, besides their own Mantras, borrow largely from the Ṛig-veda##the Yajur-veda and Sāma-veda being in fact not so much collections of prayers and hymns as special prayer- and hymn-books intended as manuals for the Adhvaryu and Udgātṛi priests respectively [see {yajur-veda}, {sāma-veda}]##the Atharva-veda, on the other hand, is, like the Ṛig-veda, a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the Ṛig and having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies &c##each of the four Vedas seems to have passed through numerous Śākhās or schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the Ṛig-veda is only preserved in the Śākala recension, while a second recension, that of the Bhāshkalas, is only known by name##a tradition makes Vyāsa the compiler and arranger of the Vedas in their present form: they each have an Index or Anukramaṇī {q.v.}, the principal work of this kind being the general Index or Sarvânukramaṇī {q.v.}##out of the Brāhmaṇa portion of the Veda grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name Veda, viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called Sūtras {q.v.}, and the mystical treatises on the nature of God and the relation of soul and matter, called Upanishad {q.v.}, which were appended to the Āraṇyakas {q.v.}, and became the real Veda of thinking Hindūs, leading to the Darśanas or systems of philosophy##in the later literature the name of 'fifth Veda' is accorded to the Itihāsas or legendary epic poems and to the Purāṇas, and certain secondary Vedas or Upa-vedas {q.v.} are enumerated##the Vedâṅgas or works serving as limbs {for preserving the integrity} of the Veda are explained under {vedâṅga} below: the only other works included under the head of Veda being the Pariśishṭas, which supply rules for the ritual omitted in the Sūtras##in the Bṛihad-āraṇyaka Upanishad the Vedas are represented as the breathings of Brahmā, while in some of the Purāṇas the four Vedas are said to have issued out of the four mouths of the four-faced Brahmā and in the Vishṇu-Purāṇa the Veda and Vishṇu are identified) RTL. 7 &c. IW. 5 ; 24 &c##N. of the number 'four' VarBṛS. [1015, 3] Srutabh##feeling, perception ŚBr##= {vṛtta} (v. l. {vitta}) L. (cf. 2. {veda})
वेद — {veda} m. (fr. √3. {vid}) finding, obtaining, acquisition ( See {su-v})##property, goods ĀśvGṛ
वेद — {vedá} m. (perhaps connected with √1. {ve}, to weave or bind together) a tuft or bunch of strong grass (Kuśa or Muñja) made into a broom (and used for sweeping, making up the sacrificial fire &c., in rites) AV. MS. Br. ŚrS. Mn
वेद — {veda} m. N. of a pupil of Āyoda MBh##({ā}), f. N. of a river VP
इन्हें भी देखें :
These Also :